Joe Kantithad
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เขียนโดย Joe Kantithad

วิชาการ ระบุ กรุงเทพฯ มีความเสี่ยงเหมือน “เม็กซิโกซิตี” ที่ราบคาบจากแผ่นดินไหว เมื่อ 27 ปีก่อน ทั้งๆ ที่จุดศูนย์กลางอยู่ไกลกว่า 350 กิโลเมตร เหตุเพราะอยู่บนพื้นที่ดินอ่อนเช่นเดียวกัน และไม่ได้ออกแบบอาคารรองรับแผ่นดินไหว แจงมี 3 รอยเลื่อนที่กำหนดความเสี่ยงเมืองกรุง คือ รอยเลื่อนในเมืองกาญจน์ พม่า และแนวมุดตัวทางฝั่งอันดามัน ชี้ ควรสร้างอาคารที่รองรับการสั่นสะเทือนจากแผ่นดินไหว

รศ.ดร.อมร พิมานมาศ จากสถาบันเทคโนโลยีนานาชาติสิรินธร มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ และประธานคณะอนุกรรมการสาขาวิศวกรรมโครงสร้างและสะพาน สมาคมวิศวกรรมสถานแห่งประเทศไทย ในพระบรมราชูปถัมภ์ กล่าวว่า ตั้งแต่ปี 2554 มีความตื่นตัวในเรื่องแผ่นดินไหวกันมากขึ้น ซึ่งจากเหตุแผ่นดินไหวรุนแรงทั้งในนิวซีแลนด์ ญี่ปุ่น จนถึงแผ่นดินไหวล่าสุดที่ จ.ภูเก็ต เมื่อวันที่ 16 เม.ย.55 นั้น อาคารสูงหลายแห่งในกรุงเทพฯ มีการสั่นไหวอย่างรุนแรง

เหตุที่อาคารสูงในกรุงเทพฯ สั่นไหวอย่างรุนแรง เนื่องจากตั้งอยู่บนพื้นที่ดินอ่อน หรือดินเลน เมื่อถูกกระตุ้น จึงขยายการสั่นสะเทือนอย่างรุนแรงได้ถึง 3 เท่า แม้เหตุแผ่นดินไหวเมื่อ 26 ธ.ค.47 ที่เกาะสุมาตรา มีจุดศูนย์กลางอยู่ไกล 1,200 กิโลเมตร หรือแผ่นดินไหวในจีนที่อยู่ไกลออกไปถึง 2,600 กิโลเมตร ก็พบว่า มีการเขย่าของตึกสูงในกรุงเทพฯ แต่ รศ.ดร.อมร กล่าวว่า แม้อาคารสูงจะสั่นอย่างรุนแรง แต่ไม่ได้หมายความว่า จะต้องถล่มเสมอไป ส่วนหนึ่งเพราะอาคารสูงมักได้รับการออกแบบให้รองรับแรงลมระดับหนึ่งอยู่แล้ว

อย่างไรก็ดี ตึกสูงในกรุงเทพฯ ยังคงมีความเสี่ยงจากเหตุแผ่นดินไหวอยู่ดี โดย รศ.ดร.เป็นหนึ่ง วานิชชัย จากคณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี สถาบันเทคโนโลยีแห่งเอเชีย (เอไอที) กล่าวว่า คลื่นสั่นสะเทือนจากพื้นดินมีความรุนแรงมากกว่าแรงลมอยู่มาก และแม้กรุงเทพฯ ไม่ได้ตั้งอยู่ในแหล่งกำเนิดแผ่นดินไหว แต่สภาพดินก็ขยายความรุนแรงได้ถึง 3 เท่า โดยเฉพาะความถี่ต่ำๆ จากแผ่นดินไหวจะถูกขยายความรุนแรงโดยอาคารสูงที่มีการโยกอย่างช้าๆ หรือมีความถี่ธรรมชาติที่ตรงกับคลื่นแผ่นดินไหว จึงเกิดการสั่นพ้อง หรือการกำทอนขึ้น





























 

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